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The Essentials of Cat Feeding and Cat Nutrition
As a cat lover, you want your furry friend to enjoy a long, healthy, happy, and active life. Ensuring their diet is balanced with the five major nutrient groups proteins, fats and oils, vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates is one of the best ways to achieve this.
Feeding your cat a high quality, balanced diet is essential for cat nutrition, happiness, and wellbeing. The best cat food should be rich in animal protein, providing essential amino acids like taurine, along with fatty acids to support a healthy coat and energy levels. Whether you choose dry food, a raw diet, or a mix, always check the ingredient list to ensure it meets your cat’s nutritional requirements. Cats thrive on small meals a day, and using a puzzle feeder can prevent overeating. While occasional fruit and vegetables can offer extra nutrients, their diet must be primarily meat based to avoid deficiencies that could cause illness. Gradually changing your cat’s diet helps prevent digestive issues, and while free choice feeding is an option, portion control is key. An occasional treat is fine, but ensuring their food contains all necessary nutrients is the best way to make your cat healthy and active.
The essential elements of your cats diet
To maintain your cat’s health and wellbeing, it’s essential to provide a diet that meets all their cat nutrition needs. A high quality, complete cat food should be carefully formulated to offer the right balance of essential nutrients, ensuring they stay fit and thrive while also enjoying their meals. To give your cat the best possible diet, make sure they receive all of the following:
Access to fresh drink water
Water is vital for all living beings, including your cat, and plays a crucial role in cat nutrition. While cats evolved as desert animals and are naturally skilled at conserving water by concentrating their urine, inadequate hydration can lead to bladder issues and cystitis. To support cat nutrition and overall health, ensure your cat has constant access to clean, fresh drinking water from a suitable bowl or water fountain, available day and night.
Cats often prefer drinking from unusual sources like dripping taps or shower trays, but these should never replace a consistently available, fresh water supply. Ideally, place their water bowl away from their food and well away from their litter tray to encourage healthy drinking habits. If your cat suddenly starts drinking from unexpected places, it could indicate a medical issue causing excessive thirst, so it’s best to consult your vet.
Vitamins
Cat vitamins are an essential part of cat nutrition, supporting growth, vision, skin and coat health, wound healing, and a strong nervous system, even in small amounts. They play a key role in metabolizing fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, while vitamins C and E act as important antioxidants. Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are stored in your cat’s fatty tissues, whereas water soluble vitamins (B-complex and C) are not retained in the body and are excreted through urine, making regular intake vital for overall health.
Proteins and amino acids
Cat nutrition relies heavily on protein, which cats use as their primary energy source. Since they cannot produce essential amino acids on their own, they must obtain them through their diet. Providing a complete and balanced cat food ensures they receive all the essential amino acids needed to maintain healthy muscles, skin, and fur, while also supporting a strong immune system. Without enough protein, cats may experience poor growth, muscle loss, a dull coat, and a weakened immune system, making them more vulnerable to infections. Ensuring proper cat nutrition with a high protein diet is key to their overall health and wellbeing.
The right balance of essential minerals
Cat nutrition relies on the right balance of minerals to support overall health. Calcium and phosphorus are particularly important for strong, healthy teeth and bones, making it essential that your cat’s diet includes the correct amounts, especially for pregnant cats and growing kittens.
Other vital minerals in cat nutrition include sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, zinc, copper, and iron, all of which contribute to various bodily functions. Feeding a high quality, complete cat food ensures your cat receives the correct balance of minerals. Maintaining this balance is crucial, as too much of one mineral can cause a deficiency in another, potentially leading to health issues.
Essential fatty acids
Fats, composed of small units known as fatty acids, serve as a key energy source to keep your cat active while also providing insulation and protecting their internal organs. Essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy skin and coat and are an integral part of cat nutrition. A deficiency in these important nutrients can lead to dry skin, a dull coat, and overall poor condition, making them an essential component of a well balanced diet.
Carbohydrates and prebiotics
While carbohydrates (including starch and fibre) are not a necessary component of your cat’s diet, they can serve as a convenient energy source. Prebiotics, which are soluble fibres, support a healthy digestive system by encouraging the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, while insoluble fibres aid in normal intestinal function and contribute to healthy stool quality.
Feeding your cat with moist or wet food
Moist or wet cat food, available in cans, foil trays, or pouches, should always be served at room temperature to enhance its texture and aroma, making it more appealing to your cat. Once opened, any leftovers should be covered and refrigerated for up to 24 hours, but remember to take it out in advance so it can warm to room temperature before the next meal. Wet food should never be left out for more than an hour, as it can become unappetizing and attract bacteria, which may lead to digestive issues such as diarrhoea. If your cat experiences diarrhoea, it’s important to review their diet and feeding habits.
Read our article Diarrhoea in Cats | How to Help Your Feline Friend to learn more about causes and solutions.
😻 Whack a Mole Cat Toy 😻
Keep your feline friend entertained for hours with the Whack a Mole Cat Toy , a fun and interactive puzzle designed to awaken their natural hunting instincts ! Crafted from eco-friendly solid wood , this high-quality toy features five plush moles that pop out when you press the cat paw-shaped handle , mimicking the thrill of a classic cat and mouse chase. Perfect for indoor cats , this interactive toy keeps them engaged, encourages exercise, and helps burn off excess energy reducing boredom and cat zoomies. Whether for self-play or bonding time with you, the Whack a Mole Cat Toy is a great way to keep your cat happy, active, and mentally stimulated.
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Providing your cat with complete dry food
Dry cat food is a highly beneficial diet option, providing a nutrient rich and balanced meal in every bite. The crunchy texture of kibble not only delivers essential nutrients but also helps support dental health by reducing plaque buildup. Since dry food is more concentrated in nutrients than wet food, smaller portions are sufficient to meet your cat’s dietary needs.
Regardless of whether you choose wet or dry food, always check the label to ensure it is a 'complete' food rather than a 'complementary' one, as complementary foods are intended as treats or supplements rather than a nutritionally balanced meal.
Never give your cat dog food
Although they may look alike, dry cat food and dry dog food are specifically formulated to meet the unique cat nutrition and dietary needs of each species. Cats require essential nutrients that are not found in dog food, making it unsuitable for them, while cat food does not meet a dog's nutritional requirements either. Ensuring your pet eats the right food is crucial for maintaining proper cat nutrition and overall health.
How to change cat food
If you plan to switch your cat’s food to a different type or brand, it’s important to introduce the new food gradually over seven to ten days. The best approach for cats is to provide two separate bowls, one with their current food and one with the new option, allowing them to adjust at their own pace and become familiar with the new taste and texture.
For more guidance on transitioning your cat’s diet safely, check out our article on What Can Cats Eat?.
Homemade cat food
While preparing a homemade meal for your cat may seem like a thoughtful idea, it is generally not recommended. Creating a balanced cat diet with home cooked or raw foods can be challenging, as some ingredients may contain too much or too little of essential nutrients, leading to deficiencies or imbalances.
Feeding raw meat also comes with risks, as it may contain parasites and bacteria like Salmonella, which can make your cat ill. If you choose to offer a raw diet, strict hygiene is essential to prevent contamination. Additionally, be cautious with bones, as they can splinter and pose a serious risk by lodging in your cat’s intestines.
To learn more about human foods and their impact on cat nutrition, explore topics such as "Can Cats Eat Carrots?" and whether it offers any nutritional benefits.
😻 Patrick Cat Ring 😻
Wrap your finger in a feline inspired hug with the Patrick Cat Ring, a beautifully crafted sterling silver cat ring that combines elegance with a playful touch. Featuring a sleek silver band adorned with two adorable cat paws, this adjustable silver ring is designed for both comfort and style. As one of our best selling designs, it's perfect for daily wear or special occasions, making it an ideal cat themed gift for any cat lover. Whether you're treating yourself or looking for a unique present, the Patrick Cat Ring is a charming way to celebrate your love for cats in a stylish and heartfelt way.
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Do cats need food supplements?
While preparing a homemade meal for your cat may seem like a thoughtful idea, it is generally not recommended. Creating a balanced cat diet with home cooked or raw foods can be challenging, as some ingredients may contain too much or too little of essential nutrients, leading to deficiencies or imbalances.
Feeding raw meat also comes with risks, as it may contain parasites and bacteria like Salmonella, which can make your cat ill. If you choose to offer a raw diet, strict hygiene is essential to prevent contamination. Additionally, be cautious with bones, as they can splinter and pose a serious risk by lodging in your cat’s intestines.
To learn more about human foods and their impact on cat nutrition, explore topics such as "Can Cats Eat Bread?" and whether it offers any nutritional benefits.
What is the healthiest thing to feed your cat?
The healthiest diet for your cat is a high quality, complete, and balanced cat food that fully supports cat nutrition. As obligate carnivores, cats require animal protein from sources like chicken, turkey, or fish to provide essential amino acids, such as taurine, which is crucial for heart and vision health. Healthy fats and fatty acids, like omega-3 and omega-6, promote skin, coat, and brain function, while essential vitamins and minerals support strong bones, immunity, and overall wellbeing. Whether feeding wet or dry food, always ensure it provides the right balance of cat nutrition. Fresh water should be available at all times, and treats should be given in moderation to maintain a nutritionally complete diet.
How much to feed a cat?
If you're wondering how much to feed your cat, it's important to consider their breed, activity level, and lifestyle, as these factors influence their cat nutrition needs. A good starting point is to follow the feeding guidelines on the food packaging, which provide an estimate of portion sizes. However, every cat is different, and their actual food intake will depend on size, energy levels, and metabolism. Treats and snacks are fine in moderation, but to maintain balanced cat nutrition, their main meals should be slightly reduced if you offer treats, these should make up no more than 10% of their daily calorie intake. Regularly check your cat’s body condition score and adjust portions as needed to support optimal health.
Which Vitamins Do Cats Need?
According to AAFCO, cat nutrition requires essential vitamins to support overall health and bodily functions:
Vitamin A – Supports vision, bone and tooth growth, reproduction, and skin health |
Vitamin D – Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels for strong bones |
Vitamin E – Acts as a powerful antioxidant |
Vitamin K – Essential for normal blood clotting |
Thiamin (B1) – Aids in carbohydrate metabolism |
Riboflavin (B2) – Helps release energy from fats, proteins, and carbohydrates |
Pantothenic Acid (B5) – Supports the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids |
Niacin (B3) – Necessary for processing fats, carbohydrates, and protein |
Pyridoxine (B6) – Assists in amino acid, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism |
Folic Acid (B9) – Required for DNA synthesis and amino acid production |
Biotin (B7)– Aids in the production of fatty acids, amino acids, and DNA/RNA |
Vitamin B12 – Essential for fat and carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function |
Choline – Supports neurotransmission, cell membrane function, and lipid transport |
Ensuring your cat’s diet includes these key vitamins helps maintain optimal cat nutrition and overall wellbeing.
Which Minerals Do Cats Need?
According to AAFCO, a nutritionally complete cat food must contain essential minerals in the right amounts to support cat nutrition and overall health:
Calcium – Crucial for bone and tooth growth and acts as an intracellular messenger |
Phosphorus – Supports bone and tooth health and is vital for normal metabolism |
Potassium – An electrolyte essential for nerve function, muscle contraction, and heart rhythm |
Sodium & Chloride – Maintain hydration, acid-base balance, nerve signaling, and muscle function |
Magnesium – Supports enzyme function and the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats |
Iron – Key for oxygen transport throughout the body |
Copper– Aids in iron absorption, skin pigmentation, and skeletal growth |
Manganese – Essential for metabolism, immune function, and bone formation, while also acting as an antioxidant |
Zinc – Supports the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
Iodine – Required for the production of thyroid hormones |
Selenium – Works with vitamin E as a powerful antioxidant |
Ensuring your cat's diet contains these vital minerals helps maintain proper cat nutrition, supporting growth, metabolism, and overall wellbeing.
Kelly Rushton
Meet Kelly Rushton, a dedicated cat enthusiast and proud owner of Feline Fancy Ltd. With a heart as big as her household, Kelly is the loving mum to 10 charming Ragdoll cats. In her world, felines reign supreme, and she brings professionalism and warmth to everything she does. Through her blog, Kelly shares her wealth of knowledge and experiences, offering insights into cat care, behavior, and the joy of living alongside these majestic creatures.
